diff --git a/serve/mlc_serve/model/tvm_model.py b/serve/mlc_serve/model/tvm_model.py
index 0c28ff7003..c467e5be7f 100644
--- a/serve/mlc_serve/model/tvm_model.py
+++ b/serve/mlc_serve/model/tvm_model.py
@@ -420,13 +420,19 @@ def init_tvm_model(
 
     if engine_config.max_num_batched_tokens > 0:
         LOG.info("Running memory profiling.")
-        num_blocks = get_num_cache_blocks(
-            model,
-            [1] * engine_config.max_num_batched_tokens,
-            model_artifact_config.num_hidden_layers,
-            num_kv_heads,
-            head_size,
-        )
+        try:
+            num_blocks = get_num_cache_blocks(
+                model,
+                [1] * engine_config.max_num_batched_tokens,
+                model_artifact_config.num_hidden_layers,
+                num_kv_heads,
+                head_size,
+            )
+        except tvm.error.InternalError:
+            raise RuntimeError(
+                f"Memory profiling failed with max_num_batched_tokens = "
+                 "{engine_config.max_num_batched_tokens}."
+            )
     else:
         num_blocks = 500
 
@@ -450,13 +456,16 @@ def init_tvm_model(
     else:
         init_cache_func = tvm.get_global_func("tvm.contrib.vllm.allocate_kv_cache")
 
-    model.cache_blocks = init_cache_func(
-        head_size,
-        model_artifact_config.num_hidden_layers,
-        num_kv_heads,
-        CacheManager.block_size,
-        num_blocks,
-    )
+    try:
+        model.cache_blocks = init_cache_func(
+            head_size,
+            model_artifact_config.num_hidden_layers,
+            num_kv_heads,
+            CacheManager.block_size,
+            num_blocks,
+        )
+    except tvm.error.InternalError:
+        raise RuntimeError(f"Failed to allocate {num_blocks} cache blocks.")
 
     cache_manager = CacheManager(
         num_blocks,
diff --git a/serve/tests/unittest/test_engine_init.py b/serve/tests/unittest/test_engine_init.py
index d79b1b7116..ea50aee49b 100644
--- a/serve/tests/unittest/test_engine_init.py
+++ b/serve/tests/unittest/test_engine_init.py
@@ -4,6 +4,8 @@
 
 from mlc_serve.engine import get_engine_config
 from mlc_serve.model.paged_cache_model import PagedCacheModelModule
+from mlc_serve.model.base import get_model_artifact_config
+from mlc_serve.model.tvm_model import init_tvm_model
 
 
 def _test_insufficient_cache_blocks_fail(artifact_path):
@@ -34,9 +36,30 @@ def try_init(max_num_seqs):
     assert "Try reducing" in str(e_info.value)
 
 
+def _test_catch_cache_alloc_oom(artifact_path):
+    model_artifact_path = os.path.join(artifact_path, "llama-2-13b-chat-hf-q0f16")
+
+    if not os.path.exists(os.path.join(model_artifact_path)):
+        return
+
+    model_artifact_config = get_model_artifact_config(model_artifact_path)
+
+    engine_config = get_engine_config(
+        {
+            "max_num_batched_tokens": 40960
+        }
+    )
+
+    with pytest.raises(RuntimeError) as e_info:
+        init_tvm_model(model_artifact_config, engine_config)
+
+    assert "Failed to allocate" in str(e_info.value)
+
+
 if __name__ == "__main__":
     parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()
     parser.add_argument("--artifact-path", type=str, default="dist")
     args = parser.parse_args()
 
     _test_insufficient_cache_blocks_fail(args.artifact_path)
+    _test_catch_cache_alloc_oom(args.artifact_path)