[FEATURE REQUEST] Add new Serialize and Deserialize Binary Tree Algorithms

[Aksshay88]

What would you like to Propose?

What would you like to propose?

I would like to contribute an implementation for Serializing and Deserializing a Binary Tree to the repository. Below are the details of the algorithms I plan to implement:
Algorithm 1: Serialize a Binary Tree

Objective: Convert a given binary tree into a string representation.
Approach: Using level-order traversal (BFS), the algorithm will traverse the binary tree, storing the value of each node in a string, with null for absent children.
Use Case: This serialized string can later be stored or transmitted, making it easier to reconstruct the tree later.
Time Complexity: O(n), where n is the number of nodes in the binary tree.

Algorithm 2: Deserialize a Binary Tree

Objective: Reconstruct a binary tree from its serialized string representation.
Approach: The serialized string will be parsed, and the tree will be rebuilt using a queue to manage the order of insertion of children during level-order traversal.
Use Case: This is useful in applications where trees need to be saved or transferred between different systems in a space-efficient manner.
Time Complexity: O(n), where n is the number of nodes in the tree.

Issue details

Algorithm 1: Serialize a Binary Tree

Description:
    This algorithm converts a given binary tree into a string representation. The tree is traversed using level-order traversal (BFS), and each node's value is appended to the string, with null placeholders for absent children. The resulting string allows the tree to be easily serialized and stored or transmitted between systems.
Approach:
    A breadth-first search (BFS) is used to traverse the tree level by level. A queue is used to manage the nodes during traversal. The node values are appended to a string, with commas separating each value. If a node is null, it is represented as null in the string.
Edge Cases:
    Empty tree (i.e., null root node).
    Tree with only left or only right children.
Complexity:
    Time Complexity: O(n), where n is the number of nodes in the binary tree, because each node is visited exactly once.
    Space Complexity: O(n), to store the queue and the serialized string.

Additional Information

Additional Information

Benefits: This contribution would help developers dealing with tree-based data structures to easily serialize and deserialize them, making the storage and retrieval of tree structures more efficient.
Unit Tests: I will include unit tests for both the serialize and deserialize methods, covering edge cases such as empty trees and trees with only left or right subtrees.
Performance Consideration: The algorithms will be optimized to handle large binary trees efficiently.
Code Standards: I will ensure that the implementation adheres to the existing coding guidelines and best practices used in the repository.